A high and low temperature humidity test chamber is a device used to test the performance of products in high temperature, low temperature or humid and hot environments. It is widely used in the testing of aerospace products, information electronic instruments and meters, materials, electrical appliances, electronic products, and various electronic components.

 

Basic Working Principle：

❖ Box structure: usually made of stainless steel or other corrosion-resistant materials, the internal space is used to place the sample under test, and the external control panel and display are installed.

❖ Temperature and humidity control system: including heater, refrigeration system (single stage, double stage or stacked refrigeration), humidification and dehumidification device, as well as sensors and microprocessors to ensure that the temperature and humidity in the box is precisely controllable.

❖ Air circulation system: built-in fans promote air circulation in the box to ensure uniform temperature and humidity distribution.

❖ Control system: microcomputer or PLC controller is used. Users can set the required temperature, humidity and test time through the operation interface, and the system will automatically execute and maintain the set conditions.

 

Lab Companion was established on May 4, 2005, and is a national high-tech enterprise headquartered in Dongguan, Guangdong Province. The company has two major R&D and manufacturing facilities in Dongguan and Kunshan, covering a total area of 10,000 square meters. It produces approximately 2,000 environmental test equipment units annually. The company also operates sales and maintenance service centers in Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Chengdu, Chongqing, Xi 'an, and Hong Kong. Hongzhan has always been dedicated to the technology of environmental test equipment, continuously striving for excellence to create reliability that meets international standards. Its customers span various industries, including electronics, semiconductors, optoelectronics, communications, aerospace, machinery, laboratories, and automotive. From product development to after-sales service, every step is guided by the customer's perspective and needs.

 

1. The condenser (or radiator) of the refrigeration unit in the cold and heat shock test chamber should be regularly maintained to ensure it remains clean. Dust that adheres to the condenser can cause the compressor's high-pressure switch to trip, leading to false alarms. The condenser should be cleaned monthly using a vacuum cleaner to remove dust from the condenser's cooling mesh, or after turning on the machine, use a hard-bristled brush to clean it, or blow away the dust with a high-pressure air nozzle.

2. When opening or closing the door or taking the test object from the furnace, do not let the item touch the rubber edge on the door to prevent the rubber edge from being damaged and shortened life.

3. Keep the ground around and under the fuselage clean at all times to avoid accidents and performance degradation caused by large amounts of dust being sucked into the unit.

4. The freezing system of the cold and hot shock test chamber is the core of this machine. Please inspect all copper tubes for leakage and snow conditions every half a year, as well as all nozzles and welding joints. If there is oil leakage, please inform the company or deal with it directly.

5. The large current contact of the distribution panel should be cleaned and repaired at least once a year in the distribution room. The loosening of the contact will make the whole equipment work in a risky state. At best, it will burn out the components, and at worst, it will cause fire, alarm and personal injury. When cleaning, use a vacuum cleaner to remove the dust in the room.

6. Do not adjust the setting value of the two over-temperature protectors in the power distribution box of the cold and hot shock test chamber casually. It has been adjusted at the factory. This protective switch is used to protect the heating tube from empty burning and alarm. The setting point = temperature setting point 20℃~30℃.

7. Cold and hot shock test chamber When the test product is taken when the time arrives, it must be in the off state and the staff must wear dry, anti-electricity and temperature-resistant gloves to take and put the product.

8. Clean and maintain the inside and outside of the cold and heat shock test chamber. 9. Before operating the cold and heat shock test chamber, remove any internal impurities. 10. The electrical distribution room should be cleaned at least once a year. When cleaning, use a vacuum cleaner to remove dust. The exterior of the chamber must be cleaned at least once a year, using soapy water for wiping.

 

High and low temperature humidity test chamber plays an important role in many industries due to its powerful environmental simulation ability. The following is an overview of its main application industries:

❖ Aerospace is used to test the performance of aircraft, satellite, rocket and other aerospace components and materials under extreme temperature and humidity conditions.

❖ Test the stability and reliability of electronic components, circuit boards, displays, batteries and other electronic products in high temperature, low temperature and humidity environment.

❖ Evaluate the durability of automotive components such as engine parts, electronic control systems, tires, and coatings in harsh environments.

❖ Defense and military use environmental adaptability tests of military equipment and weapon systems to ensure their normal operation under a variety of climatic conditions.

❖ Material science research on the heat resistance, cold resistance and moisture resistance of new materials, as well as their physical and chemical properties under different environmental conditions.

❖ Energy and environmental assessment of the environmental adaptability and weather resistance of new energy products such as solar panels and energy storage equipment.

❖ Transportation test of the performance of components of vehicles, ships, aircraft and other transportation vehicles in extreme environments.

❖ Biomedical testing of the stability and effectiveness of medical devices and drugs under changes in temperature and humidity.

❖ Quality inspection is used for environmental testing and certification of products in the product quality control center.

 

High and low temperature humidity test chamber helps enterprises and institutions in the above industries to ensure that their products can operate normally in the expected use environment by simulating various extreme conditions that may be encountered in the natural environment, so as to improve the market competitiveness of products.

 

The rapid temperature change test chamber is suitable for aerospace products, information and electronic instruments, materials, electrical and electronic products, and various electronic components to test the performance indicators of products under the condition of rapid temperature change.

Characteristics of the rapid temperature change test chamber: 1. The chamber is designed with advanced and rational structure, featuring internationally advanced products and functional components that meet long-term, stable, safe, and reliable production needs. It meets the processing and production requirements for these applications, is user-friendly in terms of operation, maintenance, and use, has a long service life, an attractive design, and a user-friendly interface that simplifies and enhances the user's operational and monitoring experience.

2. The main components of the equipment are selected from high-quality products of well-known international brands to ensure the quality and performance of the whole machine.

3. Perfect equipment performance and easy to operate man-machine dialogue function.

4. Have independent intellectual property rights and design patents and master the core technology of environmental test chamber.

5. The control instrument adopts the original Japanese imported "Youyikong" UMC1200, which can be monitored remotely.

6. The refrigeration system adopts the original French Taikang compressor unit, and is equipped with condensate water tray.

7. Core electrical components are all imported well-known brands such as Schneider.

8. Follow the advanced design concept of foreign environmental test equipment, and separate water and electricity.

9. Shallow tank humidification, novel and unique, drawer water adding method, super large tank design.

10. The bottom of the studio adopts drainage groove design to prevent steam condensation and maximize the protection of test workpiece.

11. The lighting system adopts philips kit, and the observation window adopts funnel-shaped design to provide a wider field of view.

12. Unique leakage protection design for safer operation.

Eight key points of choosing high and low temperature test chamber:

1.No matter whether it is selected for high and low temperature test chamber or other test equipment, it should meet the temperature conditions specified in the test requirements;

2.To ensure the uniformity of temperature in the test chamber, forced air circulation or non-forced air circulation mode can be selected according to the heat dissipation of samples;

3.The heating or cooling system of the high and low temperature test chamber shall have no effect on the samples；

4.The test chamber should be convenient for the relevant sample rack to place samples, and the sample rack will not change its mechanical properties due to high and low temperature changes;

5. High and low temperature test chamber should have protective measures. For example: there are observation window and lighting, power disconnection, over-temperature protection, various alarm devices;

6. Whether there is remote monitoring function according to customer requirements;

7. The test chamber must be equipped with automatic counter, indicator light and recording equipment, automatic shutdown and other instrument devices when carrying out the cyclic test, and it must have good recording and display functions;

8.According to the sample temperature, there are two measurement methods: upper wind and lower wind sensor temperature. The position and control mode of temperature and humidity control sensor in the high and low temperature test chamber can be selected according to the customer's product test requirements to select the appropriate equipment.

 

The high and low temperature, humidity, and heat test chamber employs a balanced temperature and humidity control method to achieve precise environmental conditions. It features stable and balanced heating and humidification capabilities, enabling high-precision temperature and humidity control at high temperatures. Equipped with an intelligent temperature regulator, the chamber uses a color LCD touch screen for temperature and humidity settings, allowing for various complex program settings. The program settings are set through a dialogue interface, making the operation simple and quick. The refrigeration circuit automatically selects the appropriate cooling mode based on the set temperature, enabling direct cooling and temperature reduction in high-temperature conditions. The base is constructed from welded channel steel into a grid frame, ensuring it can support the weight of the chamber and personnel under horizontal conditions without causing unevenness or cracking on the bottom surface. The chamber is divided into six surfaces and a double or single-opening door. The inner shell is made of stainless steel plate, while the outer shell is made of color-coated steel plate. The insulation medium is polyurethane rigid foam, which is lightweight, durable, and resistant to impact. The door is also made of color-coated steel plate, with handles designed for both internal and external opening, allowing test personnel to freely open the door from inside the enclosed chamber. This test chamber can record and trace the entire testing process, with each motor equipped with overcurrent protection and short-circuit protection for the heater, ensuring high reliability during operation. It is equipped with USB interfaces and Ethernet communication functions, meeting customers' diverse needs for communication and software expansion. The popular refrigeration control mode reduces energy consumption by 30% compared to the traditional heating balance control mode, saving energy and electricity. The chamber typically consists of a protective structure, air duct system, control system, and indoor testing framework. To better ensure the temperature reduction rate and temperature specifications of the high and low temperature humidity test chamber, a cascade refrigeration unit, which uses imported refrigeration compressors, is selected. This type of refrigeration unit offers advantages such as effective coordination, high reliability, and easy application and maintenance. When using this system, certain details should not be overlooked. What are these details?

1. Strictly abide by the system operation rules to avoid others violating the system operation rules.

2. Non-technical personnel are not allowed to disassemble and repair this machine. If disassembly and repair are required, the operation shall be carried out under the condition of ensuring power off and accompanied by personnel for supervision to avoid accidents.

3. When opening or closing the door or taking or putting the test object out of the test chamber, do not let the test object contact with the rubber edge of the door or the edge of the box to prevent the rubber edge from being worn.

4, the surrounding ground should be kept clean at any time, so as not to suck a lot of dust into the unit to deteriorate working conditions and reduce performance.

5. Attention should be paid to protection during use, and it should not be collided with sharp or blunt objects. The test products placed in the laboratory should be kept at a certain distance from the suction and exhaust air outlets of the air conditioning channel to avoid hindering the air circulation.

6. Prolonged inactivity can reduce the system's effective lifespan, so it should be powered on and operated at least once every 10 days. Avoid frequent short-term use of the system. After each operation, the system should not be restarted more than 5 times per hour, with each start-stop interval being at least 3 minutes. Do not open the door when it is cold to prevent damage to the door seal.

7. After each test, set the temperature near the ambient temperature, work for about 30 minutes, then cut off the power supply, and wipe clean the inner wall of the working room.

8. Regular cleaning of the evaporator (dehumidifier): Due to the different cleanliness levels of the samples, a lot of dust and other small particles will be condensed on the evaporator (dehumidifier) under the action of forced air circulation, so it should be cleaned regularly.

9. The condenser should be maintained regularly and kept clean. Dust sticking to the condenser will make the compressor dissipate heat poorly, resulting in high pressure switch jumping and generating false alarm. The condenser should be maintained regularly.

10. Regularly clean the humidifier to prevent scale buildup, which can reduce its efficiency and lifespan and cause blockages in the water supply lines. To clean it, remove the evaporator panel from the working chamber, use a soft brush to scrub the humidifier, rinse with clean water, and drain promptly. 11. Regularly check the test cloth of the wet bulb. If the surface becomes dirty or hard, replace it to ensure the accuracy of the humidity sensor's readings. The test cloth should be replaced every three months. When replacing it, first clean the water collection head, wipe the temperature sensor clean with a clean cloth, and then replace the test cloth. Ensure your hands are clean when replacing the new test cloth.

Introduction

Reliability testing is a critical process in the development and production of equipment, ensuring that devices meet specified performance standards under expected operating conditions. Depending on the test environment, reliability testing can be classified into laboratory testing and field testing. Laboratory reliability tests are conducted under controlled conditions, which may or may not simulate real-world scenarios, whereas field reliability tests are performed in actual operational environments.

 

Based on the objectives and stages of product development, reliability testing can be further divided into:

• Reliability Engineering Tests (including Environmental Stress Screening (ESS) and Reliability Growth Testing) – aimed at identifying and eliminating faults, typically conducted during the development phase.
• Reliability Statistical Tests (including Reliability Verification Tests and Reliability Measurement Tests) – used to validate whether a product meets reliability requirements or to estimate its reliability metrics, usually performed during development and production.

 

This article focuses on Reliability Statistical Testing, covering test procedures, methodologies, performance monitoring, fault handling, and reliability metric calculations.

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1. General Test Plan and Requirements

(1) Pre-Test Preparation

Before conducting reliability testing, a Reliability Test Plan must be developed, leveraging existing test data to avoid redundancy. Key preparatory steps include:

• Equipment Readiness: Ensure that the device under test (DUT), test equipment, and auxiliary instruments are properly configured and calibrated.
• Environmental Stress Screening (ESS): The DUT should undergo ESS to eliminate early-life failures.
• Test Review: A pre-test review should confirm that all conditions are met for a valid test.

 

(2) Comprehensive Environmental Test Conditions

The test environment should simulate real-world operational stresses, including:

• Stress Combination: Sequential simulation of major stresses encountered in actual use.
• Operating Conditions: The DUT should operate under typical workload and environmental conditions.
• Standard Compliance: Test conditions should align with technical standards or contractual requirements.

 

(3) Statistical Test Plans and Selection

Two primary test plans are defined:

• Fixed-Time Truncated Test Plan: Suitable when precise test duration and cost estimation are required.
• Sequential Truncated Test Plan: Preferred when the producer’s and consumer’s risks (10%–20%) are acceptable, especially for high- or low-reliability devices or when sample sizes are small.

 

Sample Selection:

• The DUT must be randomly selected from a batch produced under identical design and manufacturing conditions.
• A minimum of two samples is recommended, though a single sample may be allowed if fewer than three units are available.

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2. Types of Reliability Statistical Tests

(1) Reliability Qualification Test

Purpose: To verify whether the design meets specified reliability requirements.

Key Aspects:

• Conducted under simulated operational conditions.
• Requires representative samples of the approved technical configuration.
• Includes test condition determination, fault classification, and pass/fail criteria.

 

(2) Reliability Acceptance Test

Purpose: To ensure that mass-produced devices meet reliability standards before delivery.

Key Aspects:

• Performed on randomly selected samples from production batches.
• Uses the same environmental conditions as qualification testing.
• Includes batch acceptance/rejection criteria based on test results.

 

(3) Reliability Measurement Test

Purpose: To estimate reliability metrics such as failure rate (λ), mean time between failures (MTBF), and mean time to failure (MTTF).

Key Aspects:

• No predefined truncation time; reliability can be estimated at any stage.
• Statistical methods are used to compute point estimates and confidence intervals.

 

(4) Reliability Assurance Test

Purpose: An alternative to acceptance testing for highly reliable or mature products where conventional testing is impractical.

Key Aspects:

• Conducted after ESS.
• Focuses on fault-free operation duration (t).
• Requires agreement between the manufacturer and customer.

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Conclusion

Reliability environmental testing is essential for ensuring product durability and performance. By implementing structured test plans—whether qualification, acceptance, measurement, or assurance testing—manufacturers can validate reliability metrics, optimize designs, and deliver high-quality products.

Environmental reliability testing can be achieved through environmental test chambers, which simulate real-world conditions to evaluate product performance, significantly reducing testing time and improving efficiency.

Lab-Companion has over 20 years of expertise in manufacturing environmental test equipment. With extensive practical experience and on-site installation support, we help customers overcome real-world challenges in testing applications.

This device differs from ordinary equipment, so the installation site must meet the following special requirements:

1. The site must have ample space for the test equipment and sufficient maintenance area.
2. The laboratory should be equipped with a water supply system.
3.  The installation site should have ideal drainage facilities, such as ditches and outlets.
4. The power supply for the device should have a good grounding system and a waterproof base and cover to prevent electrical leakage or electric shock due to water splashing onto the power source.
5. The height of the installation site should allow the device to operate normally and facilitate future maintenance and repairs after installation.
6. The annual temperature at the installation site should be maintained between 5-32℃, with a relative humidity not exceeding 85%, and there should be adequate ventilation.
7. The installation should be in a dust-free environment.
8.  The environmental temperature at the installation site should avoid sudden changes.
9. The installation should be on a level surface (using a level to ensure it is level).
10. The installation should be in a location away from direct sunlight.
11.  The installation should be far from flammable materials, explosive materials, and high-temperature heat sources.
12.  It is best not to install other equipment in the laboratory to prevent moisture-induced corrosion.
13. Water source: municipal tap water。   

PP woven valve bags (AD STAR) dominate heavy-duty packaging for cement, fertilizers, and minerals due to their load-bearing capacity, moisture resistance, and stackability. However, traditional bag-making machines often face challenges like weak heat seals and over-reliance on manual operations, compromising packaging safety and production costs. Recent innovations are driving this sector toward higher reliability, reduced waste, and smarter automation. This article explores three key technological breakthroughs that enhance efficiency and cut costs.

 

1. AI Vision Inspection: Eliminating Manual Checks, Slashing Defect Rates

Traditional machines rely on spot manual inspections, which are inefficient and prone to oversight. Next-gen valve bag machines integrate high-resolution cameras and AI algorithms to detect defects (e.g., sealing flaws, print misalignment, material irregularities) in real time, with automatic rejection. This reduces labor costs and worker fatigue.

 

2. Modular Design: One Machine, Multiple Bag Sizes/Types (e.g., Open-Mouth, Handled Bags), Faster Changeovers

Historically, switching bag specifications required hours of recalibration. Modern modular machines use standardized components (adjustable folding systems, intelligent alignment devices) for rapid changeovers. Operators select preset parameters via touchscreen interfaces, enabling automatic adjustments for dimensions and single-side bottom sealing. This flexibility supports small-batch custom orders, helping manufacturers capture high-value markets.

 

3. Digital Production Management: From "Human Expertise" to "Data-Driven"

Legacy machines depend on skilled technicians for setup, leading to downtime and inefficiencies. Digital systems enable lean production through:

Cloud-Based Process Libraries: Store heat-seal parameters (temperature, pressure, speed) for different bag types (e.g., valve bags, open-mouth bags), reducing changeover time from 2 hours to 20 minutes.

Real-Time OEE Monitoring: Track Overall Equipment Effectiveness (e.g., downtime causes: roll changes, seal bar maintenance) to optimize production cycles.

 

4. Green Technology: From Energy Guzzler to Low-Carbon Leader

Valve bag production has long been energy-intensive, but next-gen solutions deliver sustainability:

Servo Motors: Replace traditional drives, cutting energy use and noise.

 

Eco-Conscious Design: Helps manufacturers reduce carbon footprints while maintaining output.

 

Conclusion:

The evolution of valve bag-making machines reflects broader trends in packaging: smarter, more adaptable, and sustainable production. For heavy-duty industries, these advancements mean lower costs and stronger competitiveness. Investing in next-gen equipment isn’t just about efficiency—it’s a strategic move to future-proof operations. Have you embraced these changes? Share your insights below!

In the booming wave of the world's packaging industry, PE (polyethylene) valve bags have become an indispensable packaging solution for cement, chemicals, agricultural products and other fields due to their excellent performance. With the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry and the advancement of the "dual carbon" goals, the PE valve bag market is ushering in a new growth inflection point. This article will deeply analyze the current situation, key developments, industry trends, investment opportunities and challenges of the PE valve bag market.

 

1. PE valve bag market overview and growth momentum

(1) Industry status and scale

Take China as an example. As a global manufacturing power, the PE valve bag market is huge and continues to grow, and is expected to maintain a compound annual growth rate of 4.5%-5.0% between 2025 and 2030. Relying on a complete industrial chain and huge domestic demand, China is both a major producer and consumer. Its products are widely used in infrastructure, agriculture, chemical industry and other fields, and exported to Southeast Asia, the Middle East and other places.

 

(2) Core driving factors

（1）Diversified downstream demand

1. Chemical and agricultural materials: The production and export growth of chemical products such as fertilizers and resins have promoted the demand for anti-static and anti-corrosion PE valve bags; agricultural modernization has prompted the upgrading of agricultural product packaging to high quality and environmental protection.

2. E-commerce and logistics: The explosive growth of e-commerce, especially industrial supplies e-commerce, has increased the demand for lightweight and high-strength packaging. PE valve bags have become a popular choice for logistics packaging due to their convenience and economy.

3.Infrastructure and real estate: Post-war infrastructure and new urbanization and transportation facilities upgrades in Africa and the Middle East have driven the demand for building materials such as cement, and the demand for moisture-proof and wear-resistant PE valve bags has surged.

 

（2）. Technological innovation empowers the industry

1. Production process upgrade: Enterprises have introduced automated production lines and applied multi-layer co-extrusion, high-speed bag making, digital printing and other technologies to improve efficiency and reduce costs. Some companies have reduced the product defect rate to below 0.1% through AI visual inspection systems.

Breakthrough in material innovation: Develop high-barrier, high-strength ultra-thin PE valve bags with the help of nano-modification, functional coating and other technologies to reduce material consumption and meet the trend of green packaging.

 

2. Industry development trends

(I) Green and sustainable development

Enterprises explore the "recycling-regeneration-reuse" closed loop, establish a waste PE valve bag recycling system, produce recycled PE particles for non-food grade packaging, and respond to the "dual carbon" goal.

 

(II) Intelligent and digital transformation

Flexible production is achieved through digital printing and rapid mold change technology to meet small batch and personalized customization needs, shorten the delivery cycle to within 72 hours, and improve market response speed.

 

(III) Regional market expansion and industrial upgrading

With the development of the petrochemical industry in Africa and the Middle East, the demand for PE valve bags in its manufacturing industry has increased, promoting the optimization of regional production capacity layout, and the central and western regions are expected to rise.

 

3. Industry Challenges and Investment Opportunities

(I) Challenges

1. Raw materials and technical bottlenecks: PE raw material welding is greatly affected by temperature, and bag making equipment research and development requires long-term investment; PE material has a narrow hot-stick temperature range (5-15℃, 10-20℃ after modification), which is difficult to control during high-speed production, resulting in fluctuations in yield rate (generally lower than 85% at high speed).

2. Environmental transformation pressure: Traditional PE valve bags face the risk of substitution by degradable materials, and need to increase research and development to promote product upgrades; export companies need to deal with overseas environmental standards barriers (such as EU carbon tariffs).

3. Equipment and cost issues: The design speed of the fully automatic bag making machine is 120 pieces/minute, but the actual speed is only 20-40 pieces/minute, and the finished bag yield rate is difficult to reach the customer's 0.2‰ standard; the equipment investment is high (millions of yuan to more than 10 million yuan), the burden on small and medium-sized manufacturers is heavy, the payback period is long, and the penetration rate is low.

(II) Investment opportunities

1. Environmentally friendly materials and technologies: Bio-PE, waste plastic chemical recycling technology, environmentally friendly printing inks and other fields have high growth potential.

2. Intelligent packaging equipment: Automated bag making machines, AI visual inspection equipment, and intelligent packaging system integrators benefit from the industry's upgrading needs.

3. Segmented market services: Customized PE valve bags for special fields such as food, medicine, and dangerous goods, as well as packaging design and supply chain services, have broad development space.

 

4. Technical status and transformation plan of bag making machine

(I) Limitations of high-speed fully automatic bag making machine

Affected by the difficulty of dynamic control of multiple factors (temperature, humidity, machine speed, etc. affect the number of hot orders), the limitation of PE material hot adhesive performance, and the poor compatibility of multi-layer composite materials, the actual efficiency and yield of high-speed fully automatic bag making machines are low, the ability to adapt to non-standard orders is insufficient, the investment cost is high and the return cycle is long, and it is difficult to meet market demand.

 

(II) Advantages of transformation of semi-automatic equipment

Based on market research, semi-automatic will be the focus of the future market. Xiamen GACHN-JEENAR Co., Ltd. has turned to designing semi-automatic equipment, which consists of two sets of folding and heating heat sealing equipment, divided into bottom welding and valve port welding assembly line operations. Bottom welding process: manual loading → conveyor belt transmission folding clamping → bag opening, bag opening, silicone, folding bag opening, bottom sticker, pre-welding → welding → feeding silo. Valve port welding process: manual loading (material welded at the bottom) → conveyor belt transmission, folding and clamping → bag opening, valve port welding, bag opening, silicone, bag opening, valve sticker, pre-welding → welding → feeding into the silo. The equipment has a production speed of 3 pieces/minute, a defect rate of ≤0.2‰, is suitable for a variety of bag types, has good versatility, reduces investment thresholds, solves technical pain points, and has a high return on investment.

In the future, the PE valve bag market will transform and upgrade under the drive of environmental protection and intelligence. Industry practitioners and investors need to grasp the direction of green packaging, technological innovation and market expansion. In the field of bag making machines, they can focus on more cost-effective and adaptable solutions such as semi-automatic equipment to seize the market opportunity.